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? semiconductor components industries, llc, 2006 june, 2006 ? rev. 6 1 publication order number: cs8190/d cs8190 precision air?core tach/speedo driver with return to zero the cs8190 is specifically designed for use with air?core meter movements. the ic provides all the functions necessary for an analog tachometer or speedometer. the cs8190 takes a speed sensor input and generates sine and cosine related output signals to differentially drive an air?core meter. many enhancements have been added over industry standard tachometer drivers such as the cs289 or lm1819. the output utilizes differential drivers wh ich eliminates the need for a zener reference and offers more torque. the device withstands 60 v transients which decreases the protection circuitry required. the device is also more precise than existing devices allowing for fewer trims and for use in a speedometer. features ? direct sensor input ? high output torque ? low pointer flutter ? high input impedance ? overvoltage protection ? return to zero ? internally fused leads in pdip?16 and so?20w packages ? pb?free packages are available* *for additional information on our pb?free strategy and soldering details, please download the on semiconductor soldering and mounting techniques reference manual, solderrm/d. pdip?16 nf suffix case 648 16 1 bias v cc sine? cos? sine+ cos+ gnd gnd gnd gnd v reg freq in f/v out sq out cp? cp+ pin connections and marking diagram 1 16 so?20w dwf suffix case 751d 1 20 sin+ cos+ gnd gnd gnd gnd gnd gnd gnd gnd v reg freq in f/v out sq out cp? cp+ sin? cos? bias v cc 1 20 pdip?16 so?20w a = assembly location wl = wafer lot yy = year ww = work week g = pb?free package cs?8190 awlyywwg cs8190enf16 awlyywwg see detailed ordering and shipping information in the package dimensions section on page 10 of this data sheet. ordering information http://onsemi.com
cs8190 http://onsemi.com 2 bias cp+ sq out freq in cos+ charge pump voltage regulator sine? high voltage protection v reg f/v out cp? v reg gnd sine+ figure 1. block diagram ? + ? + ? + ? + 7.0 v gnd gnd gnd + ? ? + func. gen. cos? cos output v cc sine output input comp. absolute maximum ratings rating value unit supply voltage, v cc < 100 ms pulse transient continuous 60 24 v v operating temperature ?40 to +105 c storage temperature ?40 to +165 c junction temperature ?40 to +150 c esd (human body model) 4.0 kv lead temperature soldering: wave solder (through hole styles only) (note 1) reflow: (smd styles only) (note 2) 260 peak 230 peak c c stresses exceeding maximum ratings may damage the device. maximum ratings are stress ratings only. functional operation above t he recommended operating conditions is not implied. extended exposure to stresses above the recommended operating conditions may af fect device reliability. 1. 10 seconds maximum. 2. 60 second maximum above 183 c.
cs8190 http://onsemi.com 3 electrical characteristics (?40 c t a 85 c, 8.5 v v cc 15 v, unless otherwise specified.) characteristic test conditions min typ max unit supply voltage section i cc supply current v cc = 16 v, ?40 c, no load ? 50 125 ma v cc normal operation range ? 8.5 13.1 16 v input comparator section positive input threshold ? 1.0 2.0 3.0 v input hysteresis ? 200 500 ? mv input bias current (note 3) 0 v v in 8.0 v ? ?10 ?80 a input frequency range ? 0 ? 20 khz input voltage range in series with 1.0 k ?1.0 ? v cc v output v sat i cc = 10 ma ? 0.15 0.40 v output leakage v cc = 7.0 v ? ? 10 a low v cc disable threshold ? 7.0 8.0 8.5 v logic 0 input voltage ? 1.0 ? ? v voltage regulator section output voltage ? 6.25 7.00 7.50 v output load current ? ? ? 10 ma output load regulation 0 to 10 ma ? 10 50 mv output line regulation 8.5 v v cc 16 v ? 20 150 mv power supply rejection v cc = 13.1 v, 1.0 v p/p 1.0 khz 34 46 ? db charge pump section inverting input voltage ? 1.5 2.0 2.5 v input bias current ? ? 40 150 na v bias input voltage ? 1.5 2.0 2.5 v non invert. input voltage i in = 1.0 ma ? 0.7 1.1 v linearity (note 4) @ 0, 87.5, 175, 262.5, + 350 hz ?0.10 0.28 +0.70 % f/v out gain @ 350 hz, c cp = 0.0033 f, r t = 243 k 7.0 10 13 mv/hz norton gain, positive i in = 15 a 0.9 1.0 1.1 i/i norton gain, negative i in = 15 a 0.9 1.0 1.1 i/i function generator section: ?40 c t a 85 c, v cc = 13.1 v unless otherwise noted return to zero threshold t a = 25 c 5.2 6.0 7.0 v differential drive voltage, (v cos+ ? v cos? ) 8.5 v v cc 16 v, = 0 5.5 6.5 7.5 v differential drive voltage, (v sin+ ? v sin? ) 8.5 v v cc 16 v, = 90 5.5 6.5 7.5 v differential drive voltage, (v cos+ ? v cos? ) 8.5 v v cc 16 v, = 180 ?7.5 ?6.5 ?5.5 v differential drive voltage, (v sin+ ? v sin? ) 8.5 v v cc 16 v, = 270 ?7.5 ?6.5 ?5.5 v differential drive current 8.5 v v cc 16 v ? 33 42 ma zero hertz output angle ? ?1.5 0 1.5 deg 3. input is clamped by an internal 12 v zener. 4. applies to % of full scale (270 ).
cs8190 http://onsemi.com 4 electrical characteristics (?40 c t a 85 c, 8.5 v v cc 15 v, unless otherwise specified.) characteristic test conditions min typ max unit function generator section: ?40 c t a 85 c, v cc = 13.1 v unless otherwise noted (continued) function generator error (note 5) reference figures 2, 3, 4, 5 v cc = 13.1 v = 0 to 305 ?2.0 0 +2.0 deg function generator error 13.1 v v cc 16 v ?2.5 0 +2.5 deg function generator error 13.1 v v cc 11 v ?1.0 0 +1.0 deg function generator error 13.1 v v cc 9.0 v ?3.0 0 +3.0 deg function generator error 25 c t a 80 c ?3.0 0 +3.0 deg function generator error 25 c t a 105 c ?5.5 0 +5.5 deg function generator error ?40 c t a 25 c ?3.0 0 +3.0 deg function generator gain t a = 25 c, vs f/v out 60 77 95 /v 5. deviation from nominal per table 1 after calibration at 0 and 270 . pin function description package pin # pin symbol function pdip?16 so?20w 1 1 cp+ positive input to charge pump. 2 2 sq out buffered square wave output signal. 3 3 freq in speed or rpm input signal. 4, 5, 12, 13 4?7, 14?17 gnd ground connections. 6 8 cos+ positive cosine output signal. 7 9 cos? negative cosine output signal. 8 10 v cc ignition or battery supply voltage. 9 11 bias test point or zero adjustment. 10 12 sin? negative sine output signal. 11 13 sin+ positive sine output signal. 14 18 v reg voltage regulator output. 15 19 f/v out output voltage proportional to input signal frequency. 16 20 cp? negative input to charge pump.
cs8190 http://onsemi.com 5 typical performance characteristics figure 2. function generator output voltage vs. degrees of deflection figure 3. charge pump output voltage vs. output angle 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 ?7 ?6 ?5 ?4 ?3 ?2 ?1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 f/v output (v) frequency/output angle ( ) output voltage (v) degrees of deflection ( ) deviation ( ) theoretical angle ( ) 7.0 v 7.0 v ?7.0 v ?7.0 v angle (v cos+ ) ? (v cos? ) (v sine+ ) ? (v sine? ) arctan v sin v sin v cos v cos figure 4. output angle in polar form figure 5. nominal output deviation 0 45 90 135 180 270 315 225 ?1.50 ?1.25 ?1.00 ?0.75 ?0.50 ?0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 cos sin figure 6. nominal angle vs. ideal angle (after calibrating at 180 ) nominal angle (degrees) ideal angle (degrees) 0 5 10 20 25 30 35 40 15 45 1591317 33 41 29 21 25 37 45 ideal degrees nominal degrees f v out 2.0 v 2.0 freq c cp r t (v reg 0.7 v)
cs8190 http://onsemi.com 6 table 1. function generator output nominal a ngle vs. ideal angle (afte r calibrating at 270 ) ideal degrees nominal degrees ideal degrees nominal degrees ideal degrees nominal degrees ideal degrees nominal degrees ideal degrees nominal degrees ideal degrees nominal degrees 0 0 17 17.98 34 33.04 75 74.00 160 159.14 245 244.63 1 1.09 18 18.96 35 34.00 80 79.16 165 164.00 250 249.14 2 2.19 19 19.92 36 35.00 85 84.53 170 169.16 255 254.00 3 3.29 20 20.86 37 36.04 90 90.00 175 174.33 260 259.16 4 4.38 21 21.79 38 37.11 95 95.47 180 180.00 265 264.53 5 5.47 22 22.71 39 38.21 100 100.84 185 185.47 270 270.00 6 6.56 23 23.61 40 39.32 105 106.00 190 190.84 275 275.47 7 7.64 24 24.50 41 40.45 110 110.86 195 196.00 280 280.84 8 8.72 25 25.37 42 41.59 115 115.37 200 200.86 285 286.00 9 9.78 26 26.23 43 42.73 120 119.56 205 205.37 290 290.86 10 10.84 27 27.07 44 43.88 125 124.00 210 209.56 295 295.37 11 11.90 28 27.79 45 45.00 130 129.32 215 214.00 300 299.21 12 12.94 29 28.73 50 50.68 135 135.00 220 219.32 305 303.02 13 13.97 30 29.56 55 56.00 140 140.68 225 225.00 14 14.99 31 30.39 60 60.44 145 146.00 230 230.58 15 16.00 32 31.24 65 64.63 150 150.44 235 236.00 16 17.00 33 32.12 70 69.14 155 154.63 240 240.44 note: temperature, voltage and nonlinearity not included. circuit description and application notes the cs8190 is specifically designed for use with air?core meter movements. it includes an input comparator for sensing an input signal from an ignition pulse or speed sensor, a charge pump for frequency to voltage conversion, a bandgap voltage regulator for stable operation, and a function generator with sine and cosine amplifiers to differentially drive the meter coils. from the partial schematic of figure 7, the input signal is applied to the freq in lead, this is the input to a high impedance comparator with a typical positive input threshold of 2.0 v and typical hysteresis of 0.5 v. the output of the comparator, sq out , is applied to the charge pump input cp+ through an external capacitor c cp . when the input signal changes state, c cp is charged or discharged through r3 and r4. the charge accumulated on c cp is mirrored to c4 by the norton amplifier circuit comprising of q1, q2 and q3. the charge pump output voltage, f/v out , ranges from 2.0 v to 6.3 v dep ending on the input signal frequency and the gain of the ch arge pump according to the formula: f v out 2.0 v 2.0 freq c cp r t (v reg 0.7 v) r t is a potentiometer used to adjust the gain of the f/v output stage and give the correct meter deflection. the f/v output voltage is applied to the function generator which generates the sine and cosine output voltages. the output voltage of the sine and cosine amplifiers are derived from the on?chip amplifier and function generator circuitry. the various trip points for the circuit (i.e., 0 , 90 , 180 , 270 ) are determined by an internal resistor divider and the bandgap voltage reference. the coils are differentially driven, allowing bidirectional current flow in the outputs, thus providing up to 305 range of meter deflection. driving the coils differentially offers faster response time, higher current capability, higher output voltage swings, and reduced external component count. the key advantage is a higher torque output for the pointer. the output angle, , is equal to the f/v gain multiplied by the function generator gain: a f v a fg , where: a fg 77 v(typ) the relationship between input frequency and output angle is: a fg 2.0 freq c cp r t (v reg 0.7 v) or, 970 freq c cp r t the ripple voltage at the f/v converter?s output is determined by the ratio of c cp and c4 in the formula: v c cp (v reg 0.7 v) c4
cs8190 http://onsemi.com 7 figure 7. partial schematic of input and charge pump v reg freq in sq out r3 2.0 v q square c cp r4 v c (t) cp+ q1 q2 q3 0.25 v 2.0 v cp? r t c4 f/v out f to v + ? + ? + ? figure 8. timing diagram of freq in and i cp v reg freq in sq out 0 i cp+ t chg t v cp+ 0 0 v cc t dchg ripple voltage on the f/v output causes pointer or needle flutter especially at low input frequencies. the response time of the f/v is determined by the time constant formed by rt and c4. increasing the value of c4 will reduce the ripple on the f/v output but will also increase the response time. an increase in response time causes a very slow meter movement and may be unacceptable for many applications. the cs8190 has an undervoltage detect circuit that disables the input comparator when v cc falls below 8.0 v(typical). with no input signal the f/v output voltage decreases and the needle moves towards zero. a second undervoltage detect circuit at 6.0 v(typical) cau ses the function generator to generate a differential sin drive voltage of zero volts and the differential cos drive voltage to go as high as possible. this combination of voltages (fi gure 2) across the meter coil moves the needle to the 0 position. connecting a large capacitor(> 2000 f) to the v cc lead (c2 in figure 9) increases the time between thes e undervoltage points since the capacitor discharges slowly and ensures that the needle moves towards 0 as opposed to 360 . the exact value of the capacitor depends on the response time of the system,the maximum meter deflection and the current consumption of the circuit. it should be selected by breadboarding the design in the lab.
cs8190 http://onsemi.com 8 r3 r4 r2 c3 c1 d2 r1 d1 gnd cosine sine c4 c cp r t + speedo input battery air core gauge 200 cp+ cp? sq out f/v out v reg gnd gnd sine+ sine? bias freq in gnd gnd cos+ cos? v cc 1 speedometer cs8190 trim resistor 20 ppm/ c 0.1 f 1.0 a 600 piv figure 9. speedometer or tachometer application 3.9, 500 mw 10 k 3.0 k 1.0 k 0.0033 f 0.47 f 0.1 f 50 v, 500 mw zener 30 ppm/ c c2 2000 f notes: 1. c2 (> 2000 f) is needed if return to zero function is required. 2. the product of c4 and r t have a direct effect on gain and therefore directly affect temperature compensation. 3. c4 range; 20 pf to 0.2 f. 4. r4 range; 100 k to 500 k . 5. the ic must be protected from transients above 60 v and reverse battery conditions. 6. additional filtering on the freq in lead may be required. 7. gauge coil connections to the ic must be kept as short as possible ( 3.0 inch) for best pointer stability. design example maximum meter deflection = 270 maximum input frequency = 350 hz 1. select r t and c cp 970 freq c cp r t 270 let c cp = 0.0033 f, find r t r t 270 970 350 hz 0.0033 f r t 243 k rt should be a 250 k potentiometer to trim out any inaccuracies due to ic tolerances or meter movement pointer placement. 2. select r3 and r4 resistor r3 sets the output current from the voltage regulator. the maximum output current from the voltage regulator is 10 ma. r3 must ensure that the current does not exceed this limit. choose r3 = 3.3 k the charge current for c cp is v reg 0.7 v 3.3 k 1.90 ma c cp must charge and discharge fully during each cycle of the input signal. time for one cycle at maximum frequency is 2.85 ms. to ensure that c cp is charged, assume that the (r3 + r4) c cp time constant is less than 10% of the minimum input period. t 10% 1 350 hz 285 s choose r4 = 1.0 k . discharge ti me: t dchg = r3 c cp = 3.3 k 0.0033 f = 10.9 s charge time: t chg = (r3 + r4)c cp = 4.3 k . 0.0033 f = 14.2 s 3. determine c4 c4 is selected to satisfy both the maximum allowable ripple voltage and response time of the meter movement. c4 c cp(vreg 0.7 v) v max with c4 = 0.47 f, the f/v ripple voltage is 44 mv. the last component to be selected is the return to zero capacitor c2. this is selected by increasing the input signal frequency to its maximum so the pointer is at its maximum deflection, then removing the power from the circuit. c2 should be large enough to ensure that the pointer always returns to the 0 position rather than 360 under all operating conditions. figure 10 shows how the cs8190 and the cs8441 are used to produce a speedometer and odometer circuit.
cs8190 http://onsemi.com 9 1 1 r3 r4 r2 c3 c1 d2 r1 d1 gnd cosine sine c4 c cp r t + speedo input battery air core gauge 200 cp+ cp? sq out f/v out v reg gnd gnd sine+ sine? bias freq in gnd gnd cos+ cos? v cc speedometer cs8190 cs8441 c2 odometer air core stepper motor 200 trim resistor 20 ppm/ c 243 k 0.1 f 1.0 a 600 piv 3.9, 500 mw 10 k 3.0 k 1.0 k 0.0033 f 0.47 f 0.1 f 50 v, 500 mw zener figure 10. speedometer with odometer or tachometer application 30 ppm/ c notes: 1. c2 = 10 f with cs8441 application. 2. the product of c4 and r t have a direct effect on gain and therefore directly affect temperature compensation. 3. c4 range; 20 pf to 0.2 f. 4. r4 range; 100 k to 500 k . 5. the ic must be protected from transients above 60 v and reverse battery conditions. 6. additional filtering on the freq in lead may be required. 7. gauge coil connections to the ic must be kept as short as possible ( 3.0 inch) for best pointer stability. 10 f
cs8190 http://onsemi.com 10 in some cases a designer may wish to use the cs8190 only as a driver for an air?core meter having performed the f/v conversion elsewhere in the circuit. figure 11 shows how to drive the cs8190 with a dc voltage ranging from 2.0 v to 6.0 v. this is accomplished by forcing a voltage on the f/v out lead. the alternative scheme shown in figure 12 us es an external op amp as a buffer and operates over an input voltage range of 0 v to 4.0 v. figure 11. driving the cs8190 from an external dc voltage ? + bias 100 k 10 k n/c f/v out cp? v reg 2.0 v to 6.0 v dc v in cs8190 figures 11 and 12 are not temperature compensated. figure 12. driving the cs8190 from an external dc voltage using an op amp buffer + ? cp? 100 k f/v out 0 v to 4.0 v dc v in cs8190 bias + ? 100 k 10 k 100 k 100 k package thermal data parameter pdip?16 so?20w unit r jc typical 15 9 c/w r ja typical 50 55 c/w ordering information device package shipping ? cs8190enf16 pdip?16 25 units / rail cs8190enf16g pdip?16 (pb?free) cs8190edwf20 so?20w 38 units / rail cs8190edwf20g so?20w (pb?free) cs8190edwfr20 so?20w 1000 / tape & reel CS8190EDWFR20G so?20w (pb?free) ?for information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our tape and reel packaging specifications brochure, brd8011/d.
cs8190 http://onsemi.com 11 package dimensions notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing per ansi y14.5m, 1982. 2. controlling dimension: inch. 3. dimension l to center of leads when formed parallel. 4. dimension b does not include mold flash. 5. rounded corners optional. ?a? b f c s h g d j l m 16 pl seating 18 9 16 k plane ?t? m a m 0.25 (0.010) t dim min max min max millimeters inches a 0.740 0.770 18.80 19.55 b 0.250 0.270 6.35 6.85 c 0.145 0.175 3.69 4.44 d 0.015 0.021 0.39 0.53 f 0.040 0.70 1.02 1.77 g 0.100 bsc 2.54 bsc h 0.050 bsc 1.27 bsc j 0.008 0.015 0.21 0.38 k 0.110 0.130 2.80 3.30 l 0.295 0.305 7.50 7.74 m 0 10 0 10 s 0.020 0.040 0.51 1.01 pdip?16 case 648?08 issue t 20 1 11 10 b 20x h 10x c l 18x a1 a seating plane h x 45 e d m 0.25 m b m 0.25 s a s b t e t b a dim min max millimeters a 2.35 2.65 a1 0.10 0.25 b 0.35 0.49 c 0.23 0.32 d 12.65 12.95 e 7.40 7.60 e 1.27 bsc h 10.05 10.55 h 0.25 0.75 l 0.50 0.90 0 7 notes: 1. dimensions are in millimeters. 2. interpret dimensions and tolerances per asme y14.5m, 1994. 3. dimensions d and e do not include mold protrusion. 4. maximum mold protrusion 0.15 per side. 5. dimension b does not include dambar protrusion. allowable protrusion shall be 0.13 total in excess of b dimension at maximum material condition. so?20 wb case 751d?05 issue g on semiconductor and are registered trademarks of semiconductor components industries, llc (scillc). scillc reserves the right to mak e changes without further notice to any products herein. scillc makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for an y particular purpose, nor does scillc assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including wi thout limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. ?typical? parameters which may be provided in scillc data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different application s and actual performance may vary over time. all operating parameters, including ?typicals? must be validated for each customer application by customer?s technical experts. scillc does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. scillc products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the scillc product could create a sit uation where personal injury or death may occur. should buyer purchase or use scillc products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, buyer shall indemnify and hold scillc and its of ficers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, direct ly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that scillc was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. scillc is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. this literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner. publication ordering information n. american technical support : 800?282?9855 toll free usa/canada europe, middle east and africa technical support: phone: 421 33 790 2910 japan customer focus center phone: 81?3?5773?3850 cs8190/d literature fulfillment : literature distribution center for on semiconductor p.o. box 5163, denver, colorado 80217 usa phone : 303?675?2175 or 800?344?3860 toll free usa/canada fax : 303?675?2176 or 800?344?3867 toll free usa/canada email : orderlit@onsemi.com on semiconductor website : www.onsemi.com order literature : http://www.onsemi.com/orderlit for additional information, please contact your local sales representative

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